Organic Farming and Natura 2000

In addition to the historical evolution, structural changes, and economic foundations of today’s agricultural landscape, organic farming has become an essential and continually expanding sector, also playing an increasingly vital role in society.

The history and development of organic farming are particularly interesting when compared to the principles and practices of conventional agriculture. The foundation for organic farming in Europe primarily follows the EU organic regulations within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), as well as the support for organic farming through the CAP’s second pillar Germany and Europe are home to several prominent organic farming associations, including “Bioland”, “Demeter” and “Naturland”, , as well as Ecovin for organic viticulture. Each of these organizations has distinct focuses and priorities in their farming guidelines, which are all significantly stricter than the EU regulations for organic farming.

However, organic farming often faces challenges from pricing, often influenced by international agricultural markets, as well as by retail and dairy companies. Public outreach and consumer education also remain crucial yet challenging tasks to encourage a shift toward organic products, despite organic options steadily growing in popularity in conventional supermarkets in recent years.

Market price issues and fluctuations can lead to economic advantages or challenges for organic farming in the short term. However, the positive impacts on ecological balance, the environment, and climate, as well as animal welfare practices important to much of the population, are well-documented and widely recognized.

Key principles and practices of organic farming include a closed-loop production, more animal-friendly husbandry compared to conventional livestock farming and dairy production, and the avoidance of prophylactic medications and chemical pesticides, with only a few exceptions allowed.

Weed and pest management is another significant challenge in organic farming. Strategies such as diverse crop rotations, multi-year clover-grass/legume cultivation, mechanical and thermal methods, promoting beneficial organisms, and utilizing traditional and robust varieties play essential roles. Additionally, fertilization methods that provide vital nutrients for organic farming include solid manure, slurry, compost, and the cultivation and incorporation of clover-grass and other leguminous crops.

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Organic Farming and Natura 2000

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